Susceptibility of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to the Fumigation of Two Essential Satureja Oils: Optimization and Modeling

Due to the numerous side effects of synthetic pesticides, including environmental pollution, threats human health, harmful on non-target organisms and pest resistance, use alternative healthy, available efficient agents in management strategies is necessary. In this paper, susceptibility cosmopolitan, polyphagous, stored-product Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) fumigation essential oils two important medicinal food additive plants, Satureja hortensis S. intermedia, was investigated. The insecticidal properties were modeled optimized using response surface methodology. It found that a maximum significant mortality 94.72% 92.97% could be achieved within 72 h with applications 55.15 µL/L (with linear model) 58.82 intermedia quadratic model), respectively. There terpenes phenylpropanoids both oils, thymol (50.8%), carvacrol (11.2%) p-cymene (13.4%), estragole (68.0%) methyl eugenol (5.6%) hortensis. suggested offered as promising pesticidal against T. for further studies such pests instead detrimental pesticides.